hendrix68 a dit:
ti sbagli, non è provato che sia rilasciato nella fase rem, dopo la morte ecc ma che sia presente nei mammiferi è cosa certa e agisce da neurotrasmettitore, è anche l'unico legando endogeno di un recettore chiamato sigma1 ...c'è tutto su wikipedia che certamente non è così affidabile ma sono citate tutte le fonti
Dimethyltryptamine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
e dove starebbe scritto? io in quella pagina ho trovato: "
DMT is analogous to the neurotransmitterserotonin (5-HT), the hormonemelatonin, and other psychedelic tryptamines, such as 5-MeO-DMT, bufotenin, and psilocin (the active metabolite of psilocybin)." come ho detto io... e inoltre:
"Conjecture
Several speculative and yet untested hypotheses suggest that endogenous DMT is produced in the human brain and is involved in certain psychological and neurological states. DMT is naturally occurring in small amounts in rat brain, human cerebrospinal fluid, and other tissues of humans and other mammals.[SUP][citation needed][/SUP] It may play a role in mediating the visual effects of naturaldreaming, and also near-death experiences, religious visions and other states.[SUP][102][/SUP][SUP][not in citation given][/SUP] A biochemical mechanism for this was proposed by the medical researcher J. C. Callaway, who suggested in 1988 that DMT might be connected with visual dream phenomena: brain DMT levels would be periodically elevated to induce visual dreaming and possibly other natural states of mind.[SUP][103][/SUP] A new hypothesis proposed is that in addition to being involved in altered states of consciousness, endogenous DMT may be involved in the creation of normal waking states of consciousness. It is proposed that DMT and other endogenous hallucinogens mediate their neurological abilities by acting as neurotransmitters at a sub class of the trace amine receptors; a group of receptors found in the CNS where DMT and other hallucinogens have been shown to have activity. Wallach further proposes that in this way waking consciousness can be thought of as a controlled psychedelic experience. It is when the control of these systems becomes loosened and their behavior no longer correlates with the external world that the altered states arise.[SUP][82][/SUP]
Dr. Rick Strassman, while conducting DMT research in the 1990s at the University of New Mexico, advanced the controversial hypothesis that a massive release of DMT from the pineal gland prior to death or near death was the cause of the near death experience (NDE) phenomenon. Several of his test subjects reported NDE-like audio or visual hallucinations. His explanation for this was the possible lack of panic involved in the clinical setting and possible dosage differences between those administered and those encountered in actual NDE cases. Several subjects also reported contact with 'other beings', alien like, insectoid or reptilian in nature, in highly advanced technological environments[SUP][13][/SUP] where the subjects were 'carried,' 'probed,' 'tested,' 'manipulated,' 'dismembered,' 'taught,' 'loved,' and even 'raped' by these 'beings.' Basing his reasoning on his belief that all the enzymatic material needed to produce DMT is found in the pineal gland (see evidence in mammals), and moreover in substantially greater concentrations than in any other part of the body, Strassman ([SUP][13][/SUP] p. 69) has speculated that DMT is made in the pineal gland. Currently there is no published reliable scientific evidence supporting this hypothesis and as such, it is merely a hypothesis.
In the 1950s, the endogenous production of psychoactive agents was considered to be a potential explanation for the hallucinatory symptoms of some psychiatric diseases as the transmethylation hypothesis[SUP][104][/SUP] (see also adrenochrome), though this hypothesis does not account for the natural presence of endogenous DMT in otherwise normal humans, rats and other laboratory animals.
In 2011, Nicholas V. Cozzi, of the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, concluded that INMT, an enzyme that may be associated with the biosynthesis of DMT and endogenous hallucinogens, is present in the primate (rhesus macaque) pineal gland, retinal ganglion neurons, and spinal cord.[SUP][105][/SUP] In August 2012, Steven Barker, Ethan McIlHenny, and Rick Strassman, developed a new method to measure the three known endogenous hallucinogens and their major N-oxide metabolites in blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, ocular fluid and/or other tissues by using state-of-the-art liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) equipment. For the first time in history, they were able to detect the DMT-N-oxide metabolite in blood and urine.[SUP][106][/SUP]
Writers on DMT include Terence McKenna, Jeremy Narby and Graham Hancock. In his writings and speeches, Terence McKenna recounts encounters with entities he sometimes describes as "Self-Transforming Machine Elves" among other phrases. McKenna believed DMT to be a tool that could be used to enhance communication and allow for communication with other-worldly entities. Other users report visitation from external intelligences attempting to impart information."
Voglio dire... l'intero paragrafo si intitola "Conjecture" dove sarebbe la certezza?
inoltre in un altro capitolo dicono:
The first claimed detection of mammalian endogenous DMT was published in June 1965: German researchers F. Franzen and H. Gross report to have evidenced and quantified DMT, along with its structural analog bufotenin (5-OH-DMT), in human blood and urine.[SUP][42][/SUP] In an article published four months later, the method used in their study is strongly criticized, and credibility of their results challenged.[SUP][43][/SUP]
In 2001, surveys, made in research articles, point that few of the analytical methods previously used to measure levels of endogenously formed DMT had enough sensitivity and selectivity to produce reliable results.[SUP][44][/SUP][SUP][45][/SUP] Gas chromatography, preferably coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), is considered a minimum requirement.[SUP][45][/SUP] A study published in 2005[SUP][28][/SUP] implements the most sensitive and selective method ever used to measure endogenous DMT:[SUP][46][/SUP] liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometrywith electrospray ionization (LC-ESI-MS/MS) allows to reach limits of detection (LODs) 12 to 200 fold lower (that is, better) than those attained by the best methods employed in the 1970s. The data summarized in the table below are from studies conforming to the abovementioned requirements (abbreviations used: CSF = cerebrospinal fluid; LOD = limit of detection; n = number of samples; ng/L and ng/kg = nanograms (10[SUP]−9[/SUP] g) per litre, and nanograms per kilogram, respectively):
[TABLE="width: 698"]
DMT in body fluids and tissues
(NB: units have been harmonized)[TR]
[TH="bgcolor: #F0FFFF, align: center"]Species[/TH]
[TH="bgcolor: #F0FFFF, align: center"]Sample[/TH]
[TH="bgcolor: #F0FFFF, align: center"]Results[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH="bgcolor: #FDF5E6, align: center"]Human[/TH]
[TD="bgcolor: #FDF5E6"]
Blood serum[/TD]
[TD="bgcolor: #FDF5E6"]< LOD (n = 66)[SUP]
[28][/SUP][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FDF5E6"]
Blood plasma[/TD]
[TD="bgcolor: #FDF5E6"]< LOD (n = 71)[SUP]
[28][/SUP] ♦ < LOD (n = 38); 1,000 & 10,600 ng/L (n = 2)[SUP]
[47][/SUP][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FDF5E6"]Whole blood[/TD]
[TD="bgcolor: #FDF5E6"]< LOD (n = 20); 50–790 ng/L (n = 20)[SUP]
[48][/SUP][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FDF5E6"]Urine[/TD]
[TD="bgcolor: #FDF5E6"]< 100 ng/L (n = 9)[SUP]
[28][/SUP] ♦ < LOD (n = 60); 160–540 ng/L (n = 5)[SUP]
[45][/SUP] ♦ Detected in n = 10 by GC-MS[SUP]
[49][/SUP][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR="bgcolor: #FDF5E6"]
[TD]Feces[/TD]
[TD]< 50 ng/kg (n = 12); 130 ng/kg (n = 1)[SUP]
[28][/SUP][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR="bgcolor: #FDF5E6"]
[TD]Kidney[/TD]
[TD]15 ng/kg (n = 1)[SUP]
[28][/SUP][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR="bgcolor: #FDF5E6"]
[TD]Lung[/TD]
[TD]14 ng/kg (n = 1)[SUP]
[28][/SUP][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #FDF5E6"]
Lumbar CSF[/TD]
[TD="bgcolor: #FDF5E6"]100,370 ng/L (n = 1); 2,330–7,210 ng/L (n = 3); 350 & 850 ng/L (n = 2)[SUP]
[50][/SUP][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH="bgcolor: #DCDCDC, align: center"]Rat[/TH]
[TD="bgcolor: #DCDCDC"]Kidney[/TD]
[TD="bgcolor: #DCDCDC"]12 &16 ng/kg (n = 2)[SUP]
[28][/SUP][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR="bgcolor: #DCDCDC"]
[TD]Lung[/TD]
[TD]22 & 12 ng/kg (n = 2)[SUP]
[28][/SUP][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR="bgcolor: #DCDCDC"]
[TD]Liver[/TD]
[TD]6 & 10 ng/kg (n = 2)[SUP]
[28][/SUP][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="bgcolor: #DCDCDC"]Brain[/TD]
[TD="bgcolor: #DCDCDC"]10 &15 ng/kg (n = 2)[SUP]
[28][/SUP] ♦ Measured in
synaptic vesicular fraction[SUP]
[51][/SUP][/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH="bgcolor: #F0FFF0"]Rabbit[/TH]
[TD="bgcolor: #F0FFF0"]Liver[/TD]
[TD="bgcolor: #F0FFF0"]< 10 ng/kg (n = 1)[SUP]
[28][/SUP][/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]
come puoi notare da questa tabella nonostante la dinamica raffinata usata nel 2005 nel sangue non è stata identificata in nessun paziente... sono state trovate tracce in ng/l (quantità irrisorie) nell'urina e nelle feci... ma queste non significano nulla! primo perchè sono appunto delle quantità ridicole... secondo perchè non sappiamo la via metabolica da quale sono arrivate queste tracce... dall'alimentazione? oppure viene dall'interno? e se anche venisse dall'interno essendo la dmt una triptamina potrebbe essere il residuo di qualche strana trasformazione chimica... insomma come ho detto nel mio primo post questi risultati sono INCONCLUDENTI... non dicono ne SI ne NO con sicurezza... altrimenti ti assicuro che nei libri che studio a medicina sarebbe menzionata con certezza la presenza di una triptamina allucinogena prodotta endogenicamente