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Holofractale de l'hypervérité
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MAPS, in conjunction with California NORML, has been working for quite a few years to sponsor scientific research into the effects of vaporizers and waterpipes. We have conducted laboratory research testing the content of combusted and vaporized marijuana for cannabinoid and toxin levels but have been stalled since June 2003 waiting for NIDA to review a request to purchase 10 grams of its marijuana to continue our research.
We learned early on that waterpipes don't help filter out undesirable particulate matter, although waterpipes may help reduce certain water-soluble gases. In contrast, vaporizers do eliminate combustion products and address the Institute of Medicine's preference for non-smoking delivery systems for the medicinal use of marijuana. Furthermore, vaporizers are the only non-smoking delivery system that uses the marijuana plant, unlike marijuana extracts in spray, lozenge, drops, or pill form, and could conceivably be used in conjunction with material that patients grow themselves.
While the use of vaporizers in medical marijuana research is the most politically desirable route, since they don't involve smoking, we plan to include groups that smoke as well as vaporize marijuana in future studies. We would be surprised if there are significant differences in safety and efficacy for most patients and feel that this is an issue that needs to be resolved scientifically.
California's Center for Medicinal Cannabis Research (CMCR) approved Dr. Donald Abrams' Phase I vaporizer research protocol and grant application, amounting to slightly more than $137,000. The study will compare subjective effects, cannabinoid blood levels and carbon monoxide levels in exhaled breath in subjects on six different days, three days smoking 400 mgs of marijuana of either 1.7 % THC, 3.5% THC or 7% THC, and three days vaporizing 400 mgs of marijuana of either 1.7 % THC, 3.5% THC or 7% THC. This study will start enrolling subjects in Summer 2004.
The protocol has also been reviewed and approved by the FDA. The vaporizer that Dr. Abrams will use is the Volcano.
MAPS has completed negotiations with the head of the Dutch Office of Medicinal Cannabis for the importation of ten grams of high THC, high CBD marijuana for use in the next phase of the vaporizer research project. _In June 2003,_ Chemic Laboratories, where the project will be conducted, submitted an application to the DEA for an import license. This request to the DEA is, to our knowledge, the first attempt to import the marijuana plant from the Netherlands, through the newly established Office of Medicinal Cannabis. Chemic Laboratories has also submitted a request to NIDA for ten grams of its best quality product for the vaporizer project. Unfortunately, DEA has refused to review the import permit request until NIDA decides the protocol is "scientifically meritorious" and NIDA has let the request languish unevaluated since June 2003. NIDA is clearly doing its best to provide evidence supporting our argument that we need an independent source of supply.
On July 21, 2004, MAPS, Prof. Craker and Valerie Corral filed lawsuits against DEA and also against HHS/NIH/NIDA for obstructing medical marijuana research, and on July 29, 2004, MAPS filed a motion to consolidate the lawsuit against the DEA and the lawsuit against HHS, NIH and NIDA.
On September 21 and 29, the first and second subjects were enrolled in Dr. Donald Abrams' FDA-approved study comparing subjective effects, cannabinoid blood levels and carbon monoxide levels in subjects who smoke marijuana or inhale the vapors of the same amount of marijuana from a vaporizer.
On October 13, 2004, MAPS and MPP filed our amicus curiae brief in the US Supreme Court in the Ashcroft v. Raich medical marijuana case. The brief describes the political obstruction of MAPS' efforts to conduct FDA-approved medical marijuana research, as evidenced by DEA's lack of response to Chemic's application for a permit to import 10 grams for further vaporizer research from the Dutch Office of Medicinal Cannabis, and HHS/NIH/NIDA's lack of response to Chemic's application to purchase 10 grams for further vaporizer research. Oral arguments in the case are scheduled for November 29, 2004.
On November 22, 2004, the Court required DEA to respond by December 22, 2004 to the portion of our lawsuit against DEA about the UMass Amherst marijuana production facility. This is a positive development in that DEA can no longer just delay and not have to explain why.
On December 3, 2004, MAPS mailed petitions for reconsideration to the DC Circuit Court of Appeals, asking again for the Court to pressure HHS and DEA for not responding in 17 1/2 months to our applications to purchase 10 grams and import 10 grams, respectively, in both cases for marijuana vaporizer research.
For further background, also see:
Cannabis Vaporizer Combines Efficient Delivery of THC with Effective Suppression of Pyrolytic Compounds, by Dale Gieringer, Joseph St. Laurent, Scott Goodrich. Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics, (2004) 4(1): 7-27.
"Study Shows Vaporizer Can Drastically Reduce Toxins in Marijuana Smoke"
California NORML/ MAPS Press Release — May 2, 2003
"Vaporizer Research: An Update"
Dale Gieringer, Ph.D. [email protected], MAPS Bulletin, Spring 2003; Volume XIII, Number 1
Chemic Laboratory research report April 15, 2003.
Cannabis Vaporizer Combines Efficient Delivery of THC with Effective Suppression of Pyrolytic Compounds :-
http://www.maps.org/mmj/Gieringer-vaporizer.pdf
Volcano vaporizer research protocol :-
http://www.maps.org/mmj/vaporizor_proto ... terial.pdf
We learned early on that waterpipes don't help filter out undesirable particulate matter, although waterpipes may help reduce certain water-soluble gases. In contrast, vaporizers do eliminate combustion products and address the Institute of Medicine's preference for non-smoking delivery systems for the medicinal use of marijuana. Furthermore, vaporizers are the only non-smoking delivery system that uses the marijuana plant, unlike marijuana extracts in spray, lozenge, drops, or pill form, and could conceivably be used in conjunction with material that patients grow themselves.
While the use of vaporizers in medical marijuana research is the most politically desirable route, since they don't involve smoking, we plan to include groups that smoke as well as vaporize marijuana in future studies. We would be surprised if there are significant differences in safety and efficacy for most patients and feel that this is an issue that needs to be resolved scientifically.
California's Center for Medicinal Cannabis Research (CMCR) approved Dr. Donald Abrams' Phase I vaporizer research protocol and grant application, amounting to slightly more than $137,000. The study will compare subjective effects, cannabinoid blood levels and carbon monoxide levels in exhaled breath in subjects on six different days, three days smoking 400 mgs of marijuana of either 1.7 % THC, 3.5% THC or 7% THC, and three days vaporizing 400 mgs of marijuana of either 1.7 % THC, 3.5% THC or 7% THC. This study will start enrolling subjects in Summer 2004.
The protocol has also been reviewed and approved by the FDA. The vaporizer that Dr. Abrams will use is the Volcano.
MAPS has completed negotiations with the head of the Dutch Office of Medicinal Cannabis for the importation of ten grams of high THC, high CBD marijuana for use in the next phase of the vaporizer research project. _In June 2003,_ Chemic Laboratories, where the project will be conducted, submitted an application to the DEA for an import license. This request to the DEA is, to our knowledge, the first attempt to import the marijuana plant from the Netherlands, through the newly established Office of Medicinal Cannabis. Chemic Laboratories has also submitted a request to NIDA for ten grams of its best quality product for the vaporizer project. Unfortunately, DEA has refused to review the import permit request until NIDA decides the protocol is "scientifically meritorious" and NIDA has let the request languish unevaluated since June 2003. NIDA is clearly doing its best to provide evidence supporting our argument that we need an independent source of supply.
On July 21, 2004, MAPS, Prof. Craker and Valerie Corral filed lawsuits against DEA and also against HHS/NIH/NIDA for obstructing medical marijuana research, and on July 29, 2004, MAPS filed a motion to consolidate the lawsuit against the DEA and the lawsuit against HHS, NIH and NIDA.
On September 21 and 29, the first and second subjects were enrolled in Dr. Donald Abrams' FDA-approved study comparing subjective effects, cannabinoid blood levels and carbon monoxide levels in subjects who smoke marijuana or inhale the vapors of the same amount of marijuana from a vaporizer.
On October 13, 2004, MAPS and MPP filed our amicus curiae brief in the US Supreme Court in the Ashcroft v. Raich medical marijuana case. The brief describes the political obstruction of MAPS' efforts to conduct FDA-approved medical marijuana research, as evidenced by DEA's lack of response to Chemic's application for a permit to import 10 grams for further vaporizer research from the Dutch Office of Medicinal Cannabis, and HHS/NIH/NIDA's lack of response to Chemic's application to purchase 10 grams for further vaporizer research. Oral arguments in the case are scheduled for November 29, 2004.
On November 22, 2004, the Court required DEA to respond by December 22, 2004 to the portion of our lawsuit against DEA about the UMass Amherst marijuana production facility. This is a positive development in that DEA can no longer just delay and not have to explain why.
On December 3, 2004, MAPS mailed petitions for reconsideration to the DC Circuit Court of Appeals, asking again for the Court to pressure HHS and DEA for not responding in 17 1/2 months to our applications to purchase 10 grams and import 10 grams, respectively, in both cases for marijuana vaporizer research.
For further background, also see:
Cannabis Vaporizer Combines Efficient Delivery of THC with Effective Suppression of Pyrolytic Compounds, by Dale Gieringer, Joseph St. Laurent, Scott Goodrich. Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics, (2004) 4(1): 7-27.
"Study Shows Vaporizer Can Drastically Reduce Toxins in Marijuana Smoke"
California NORML/ MAPS Press Release — May 2, 2003
"Vaporizer Research: An Update"
Dale Gieringer, Ph.D. [email protected], MAPS Bulletin, Spring 2003; Volume XIII, Number 1
Chemic Laboratory research report April 15, 2003.
Cannabis Vaporizer Combines Efficient Delivery of THC with Effective Suppression of Pyrolytic Compounds :-
http://www.maps.org/mmj/Gieringer-vaporizer.pdf
Volcano vaporizer research protocol :-
http://www.maps.org/mmj/vaporizor_proto ... terial.pdf
